International Standards and Guidelines

Below are the key international documents used as the foundation for developing recommendations and adapting perfusion practice standards in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Standards & Guidelines for Perfusion Practice

Defines minimum requirements and recommendations for safe perfusion practice and cardiopulmonary bypass. Used as a foundation for developing institutional protocols.

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Standards & Guidelines for Pediatric and Congenital Perfusion Practice

Specialized standards for pediatric and congenital cardiac surgery, taking into account the physiological and clinical characteristics of children.

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Standards of Practice

Describes standards of professional practice, safety, communication, risk management, and documentation for perfusionists.

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SCPS (UK & Ireland)

ELSO General Guidelines

General principles of extracorporeal life support (ECMO/ECLS), including organization of care, safety, and clinical approaches.

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ELSO Guidelines for ECMO Centers

Defines requirements for ECMO centers, including staffing, infrastructure, process organization, training, and quality control.

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ELSO Adult ECMO Guidelines

Guidelines for the use of ECMO in adult patients with cardiac and respiratory failure.

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ELSO Pediatric & Neonatal ECMO Guidelines

Recommendations for ECMO use in pediatric and neonatal patients, considering age-specific characteristics.

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ELSO Anticoagulation Guidelines

Recommendations on anticoagulation therapy during ECMO and extracorporeal support.

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Key Principles for the Use of International References

International standards and guidelines serve as a foundation
International references define minimum requirements and contemporary approaches to perfusion practice; however, they do not replace professional clinical judgment and may be adapted into local protocols.

Development of Local Institutional Protocols
In accordance with the documents of AmSECT and ELSO, clinics and medical centers are expected to develop their own institutional protocols and standard operating procedures (SOPs) based on international standards and local conditions.

Periodic Updates
International guidelines are regularly reviewed and updated to reflect new evidence, improvements in clinical practice, and technological advancements.